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WhatsApp is testing new feature for businesses, but you may not like it

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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #6aa84f; font-size: x-large;">WhatsApp is testing new feature for businesses, but you may not like it</span></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: , sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">SAN FRANCISCO: WhatsApp, the Facebook-owned messaging service used by more than 1 billion people worldwide, is testing a system that would let businesses talk directly to </span><keyword keytype="UnKnown" keywordseo="WhatsApp" smid="0" style="box-sizing: border-box;" usetype="2">WhatsApp</keyword><span style="font-family: , sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"> users for the first time, according to communications about the project seen by Reuters.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: , sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">The tests, which are being conducted with a handful of companies that are part of the Y Combinator startup incubator, are an important signal of how WhatsApp plans to make money from its massively popular service. WhatsApp has not developed a business model in the three years since </span><keyword keytype="Company" keywordseo="Facebook-Inc" smid="0" style="box-sizing: border-box;" usetype="2">Facebook Inc</keyword><span style="font-family: , sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"> bought it for a hefty $19 billion.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; content: "."; display: block;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; content: "."; display: block;" /><span style="font-family: , sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">WhatsApp, a pun on the phrase "What's up?", has helped to upend mobile services by allowing users to text or call friends and family for free, without text message charges. It competes with similar services such as WeChat, a unit of China's Tencent Holdings Ltd.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; content: "."; display: block;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; content: "."; display: block;" /><span style="font-family: , sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">One potential revenue source is to charge businesses that want to contact customers on WhatsApp. But the company is working carefully to avoid problems with spam messages, the documents show.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: , sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">WhatsApp is also surveying users about the extent to which they talk to businesses on WhatsApp, and whether they have ever received spam, according to the documents.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; content: "."; display: block;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; content: "."; display: block;" /><span style="font-family: , sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">WhatsApp last year announced its plan to develop the system, known as an application programming interface, or API, citing examples such as a user talking to a bank about a fraudulent transaction or to an airline about a delayed flight.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; content: "."; display: block;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; content: "."; display: block;" /><span style="font-family: , sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">Last month WhatsApp struck a deal with Y Combinator, which provides training and advice to startups that show potential, to have a small number of companies take part in an early trial, according to emails and messages posted on a Y Combinator forum.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; content: "."; display: block;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; content: "."; display: block;" /><span style="font-family: , sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">Admission to Y Combinator, founded in 2005, is highly competitive, and past participants include such companies as Airbnb and </span><keyword keytype="Company" keywordseo="Dropbox" smid="0" style="box-sizing: border-box;" usetype="2">Dropbox</keyword><span style="font-family: , sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; font-family: , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: large;">A WhatsApp spokeswoman declined to comment on the testing of the system.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; font-family: , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: large;">Y Combinator President Sam Altman said in an email he was not aware of the WhatsApp test but added: "We do generally see a lot of companies wanting to test their products with YC cos."</span></span><br />
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<br style="box-sizing: border-box; content: "."; display: block; font-size: x-large;" /><span style="font-family: , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The trial is still in the early stages, said Umer Ilyas, co-founder of Cowlar Inc, one of the startups involved. The system is highly anticipated in remote places where WhatsApp is especially popular, he said.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; font-family: , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: large;">Cowlar makes collars for dairy cows, collecting data on their activity and recommending changes to improve milk yield. The company, which is testing the collars in the United States, wants to use WhatsApp to send automatic alerts from the collars directly to farmers if say, a cow is not behaving normally, Ilyas said.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: black; font-family: , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: large;">"It represents a huge opportunity, because in all the big dairy markets - India, Brazil, Pakistan - a lot of farmers have access to WhatsApp," he said in a phone interview.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; font-family: , "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #d5a6bd;">Source: <b><i>Reuters</i></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-family: , sans-serif;"><span style="color: orange;">Original Post Date:</span></span><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: , sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"> </span><span style="font-family: , "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Mar 9, 2017, 10.40 AM IST</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: , "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: black; font-size: 13px;">http://www.gadgetsnow.com/tech-news/whatsapp-is-testing-new-feature-for-businesses-but-you-may-not-like-it/articleshow/57550192.cms</span></span></div>
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WhatsApp is testing new feature for businesses, but you may not like it

WhatsApp is testing new feature for businesses, but you may not like it SAN FRANCISCO: WhatsApp, the Facebook-owned messaging service ...

Pakistani Students Manufacture Fuel Efficient Car Which Covers 150Km In 1 Litre

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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #cfe2f3; font-size: x-large;"> Pakistani Students Manufacture Fuel Efficient Car Which Covers 150Km In 1 Litre</span></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Students of Pakistan Navy Engineering College (PNEC), NUST have manufactured a 3-wheel Prototype and 4-wheel UrbanConcept fuel efficient eco-friendly car. <a href="http://www.sempnec.org/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Team PNEC</a> will participate with their vehicles in Shell Eco-Marathon (SEM) Asia 2015 which is scheduled to be held in Manila, Philippines next month. They will compete against 158 student teams from 19 countries of Asia and Middle East. The vehicles are designed with the focus on fuel efficiency and environment-friendly i.e. they can cover more distance in less fuel.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">The UrbanConcept car has the capability of achieving a distance of 150 Km in 1 liter of fuel at a speed of 40 -50 km/h. Team Manager Muhammad Usama explained in an interview to <a href="http://videos.arynews.tv/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">ARY News</a>,<i>“Fuel Efficiency is directly related to weight reduction. Therefore, we made our vehicle body with carbon which helped in achieving both strength and weight reduction which is why we are hoping to achieve 150 plus distance this time.”</i></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">The UrbanConcept and Prototype have carbon fiber built with a modified 70cc engine and fueled with Gasoline. Additionally, the vehicles are equipped with safety sensors, proximity sensors and an interactive interface to communicate with the driver.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">The ‘unveiling ceremony’ of the car took place at PNEC-Nust, Karachi where the audience appreciated the work and considered it the important need in the current marketplace. On the occasion, Noor-ul-din Ahmed, Chairman ThinkTank IEP, said, <i>“Fuel Efficient car will help protect environment from hazardous waste materials.”</i></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Pakistan started participating in the Shell Eco-Marathon in the year 2009 at the event held at Berlin and became the first South Asian country to participate in the contest. This year fourteen teams from Pakistan are participating in the contest from Pakistan Navy Engineering College (PNEC-NUST), COMSATS Institute of IT, NFC Institute of Engineering and Fertilizer Research, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology (GIKI), Wah Engineering College, National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) and Air University.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">The teams will be judged based on the design which is around Health, Safety, Security & Environment (HSSE), Reducing Ecological Footprint, Out-of-the-Box Design, Bringing Innovation to Life and Future of Energy. Shell Pakistan will be conducting a road show to evaluate each fuel efficient vehicle developed by Pakistani students.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: 16px;">By:</span> <span itemprop="author" style="color: #3498db; font-size: 14px;"><a href="https://www.techjuice.pk/author/sarwatf/" style="color: #3498db; text-decoration: none;">Sarwat Fatima</a></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #cccccc;">Original Post Date:</span> <span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "open sans" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span class="date" style="font-family: "open sans" , sans-serif; margin-top: 13px;"><span style="color: #c27ba0;">January 16, 2015</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: red;">Source:</span><span style="color: #333333;"> </span><span style="color: blue;">https://www.techjuice.pk/pakistani-students-manufacture-fuel-efficient-car-which-covers-150km-in-1-litre</span></span></div>
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Pakistani Students Manufacture Fuel Efficient Car Which Covers 150Km In 1 Litre

Pakistani Students Manufacture Fuel Efficient Car Which Covers 150Km In 1 Litre Students of Pakistan Navy Engineering Col...

Peshawar Students Develop A Car Which Covers 180km Per Litre Fuel

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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "montserrat" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #b4a7d6; font-size: 30px;">Peshawar Students Develop A Car Which Covers 180km Per Litre Fuel</span></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #cccccc;">Three Pakistani students from Sarhad University, Peshawar have designed a special tiny car which can cover 180km in 1 litre fuel.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #cccccc;">The car is highly efficient as it runs on cutting-edge electronic fuel injection system used in cars and motorcycles. Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel (diesel, petrol, gas etc) in internal combustion engine by the means of an injector. Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI), controlled by a microprocessor control unit, is more reliable, efficient and cost-effective as compared to the mechanical system.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #cccccc;">The car is small in size because the students have designed it by modifying a motorcycle engine. Its special feature is that it can cover 180 kilometers distance on 1 liter petrol only.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #cccccc;">The project is the first one to be selected in ten years for Shell Eco-marathon Asia that will happen in Singapore from February 16-19, 2017. About 100 teams from different countries in Asia will demonstrate their energy-efficient vehicles.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #cccccc;">Pakistani students are excelling in the automotive field by designing special cars as part of their projects at universities. In 2015, students of Pakistan Navy Engineering College (PNEC), NUST <a href="https://www.techjuice.pk/pakistani-students-manufacture-fuel-efficient-car-which-covers-150km-in-1-litre/" style="text-decoration: none;">manufactured a 3-wheel Prototype and 4-wheel</a> UrbanConcept fuel-efficient eco-friendly car which was capable of covering 150km/1 litre fuel. In 2016, students from NUST manufactured <a href="https://www.techjuice.pk/nust-students-make-pakistans-first-ever-formula-electric-car/" style="text-decoration: none;">Pakistan’s first ever formula car</a>. A group of NED students presented their formula car at <a href="https://www.techjuice.pk/ned-students-formula-electric-car-to-represent-pakistan-in-italy/" style="text-decoration: none;">Italy’s Formula SAE competition</a> last year.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-size: 16px;">By:</span><span style="background-color: black; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span itemprop="author" style="outline: 0px;"><a href="https://www.techjuice.pk/author/maheen-kanwal/" style="background-color: black; outline: 0px;"><span style="color: #ead1dc;">Maheen Kanwal</span></a><span style="background-color: black; color: orange; font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: black; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color: #cccccc;">Original Post Date: </span><span style="color: #333333;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "open sans" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">February 15, 2017</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #cccccc;">Source:</span><span style="color: #333333;"> </span><span style="color: #3d85c6;">https://www.techjuice.pk/peshawar-students-develop-a-car-which-covers-180km-per-liter-fuel/</span></span></div>
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Peshawar Students Develop A Car Which Covers 180km Per Litre Fuel

Peshawar Students Develop A Car Which Covers 180km Per Litre Fuel Three Pakistani students from Sarhad University, Peshawar ...

HUNZA PEOPLE NEVER GET SICK AND LIVE UP TO 120 YEARS. HERE IS HOW.

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<b style="background-color: black; color: yellow; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-large;">HUNZA PEOPLE NEVER GET SICK AND LIVE UP TO 120 YEARS. HERE IS HOW.</b></h2>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , sans-serif;">The Hunzakuts or Hunza are a community of people who are indigenous to the Hunza Valley, a mountainous region in the north of Pakistan. It is believed that these people are the descendants of the Macedonian soldiers who traveled to Pakistan with Alexander the Great. Whether this is true or not, the Hunza people are one of the most remarkable societies in the world and have a lot to teach the people of this planet.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , sans-serif;">Life in the Hunza communities is characterized by its peacefulness. While bitter animosities over religion and ethnic identity are common in this particular region of the world and often stem into violent conflict, the Hunza are known for their tolerance and acceptance of difference. While the community is predominantly Muslim, there are a number of individuals who practice different faiths. All of these people co-exist peacefully, and the area is known for its warm and friendly community relations. People in this region of Pakistan are also known to be well-educated with a literacy rate of 95%. Despite this above average level of education, the Hunza people live simple lives, and most individuals work in an agricultural context and toil the fields from morning until night. They mainly subsist on a fairly basic diet which does not include any processed food whatsoever. They are known for consuming dried apricots which are considered to be a specialty of the region. The most fascinating thing about this community is that they seem to have remarkable health. Many people in the Hunza community live to be over 150 years old, and there have been reports of women giving birth naturally in the area at the age of sixty-five. Naturally many people are interested to know what exactly makes the Hunza such a healthy people and it appears that it is combination of various factors. The high level of education in the community means that the people are constantly mentally stimulated as well as being physically active until old age. Their laborious work on the land not only provides them with ample exercise but also requires them to constantly be in touch with nature. Living off the land allows them to avoid much of the stress and problems caused by the industrialization of society which means that they report being much happier than people in industrialized areas. Perhaps the incredible secrets of the Hunza people are actually very simple.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , sans-serif;">Source:</span><span style="background-color: black; color: #666666; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="background-color: black; color: #cc0000; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , sans-serif;">Disclose TV</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , sans-serif;">http://www.disclose.tv/news/hunza_people_never_get_sick_and_live_up_to_120_years__this_is_their_secret/138006</span></span></div>
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HUNZA PEOPLE NEVER GET SICK AND LIVE UP TO 120 YEARS. HERE IS HOW.

HUNZA PEOPLE NEVER GET SICK AND LIVE UP TO 120 YEARS. HERE IS HOW. THE REMOTE PAKISTANI COMMUNITY WHERE PEOPLE LIVE TO BE 120 YEARS OL...

The World's Top Best Cities To Live In

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<span style="background-color: black; color: #b4a7d6; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">The World's Top Best Cities To Live In</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #b6d7a8;"><i>According to the Economist Intelligence Unit global “liveability” study, which looks at how “tolerable” it is to live in a particular place given its crime levels, threat of conflict, quality of medical care, levels of censorship, temperature, schools and transport links.</i></span></h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo51zxpqPDVz-21kDg_smJwG_sYRp9mUXjsvDDK2RkxolB9MvoLTQXkjnZ_Fs92GJPtSChSkmh5k9eiEPh1hiMYgt43hMz1njA1HaSF9vXBSXWRdW4yvW4NadMK77c7pEQmgRa0jhvfWpG/s1600/b01-melbourne_2311083k.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo51zxpqPDVz-21kDg_smJwG_sYRp9mUXjsvDDK2RkxolB9MvoLTQXkjnZ_Fs92GJPtSChSkmh5k9eiEPh1hiMYgt43hMz1njA1HaSF9vXBSXWRdW4yvW4NadMK77c7pEQmgRa0jhvfWpG/s640/b01-melbourne_2311083k.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;"><b>1. Melbourne, Australia </b></span><b style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: arial; font-size: small;">----------</b><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;"><b> </b></span><strong class="credit" style="display: inline !important; font-family: arial; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;">Picture: Philip Game / Alamy</span></strong></div>
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<strong class="credit" style="display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;"><span style="background-color: black;">Addition: </span><strong class="credit" style="background-color: black; display: inline; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">Melbourne is</span></strong><strong class="credit" style="display: inline !important; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span style="background-color: black;"> </span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">the capital and most populous city of the Australian</span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" style="background-color: black; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="States and territories of Australia">state</a><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">of</span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" style="background-color: black; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">, and the</span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Australia_by_population" style="background-color: black; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="List of cities in Australia by population">second-most populous city</a><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">in</span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" style="background-color: black; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Australia">Australia</a><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ABSERP15_1-1" style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne#cite_note-ABSERP15-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">The name "Melbourne" refers to an</span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_agglomeration" style="background-color: black; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Urban agglomeration">urban agglomeration</a><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">spanning 9,900 km</span><sup style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; text-align: left;">2</sup><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">(3,800 sq mi)</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ABSGCCSAXLS_3-1" style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne#cite_note-ABSGCCSAXLS-3" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">which comprises the broader metropolitan area, as well as being the common name for</span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne_City_Centre" style="background-color: black; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Melbourne City Centre">its city centre</a><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">. The metropolis is located on the large natural bay of</span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Phillip" style="background-color: black; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Port Phillip">Port Phillip</a><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">and expands into the hinterlands towards the</span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dandenong_Ranges" style="background-color: black; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Dandenong Ranges">Dandenong</a><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">and</span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedon_Ranges" style="background-color: black; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Macedon Ranges">Macedon</a><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">mountain ranges,</span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mornington_Peninsula" style="background-color: black; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Mornington Peninsula">Mornington Peninsula</a><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">and</span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarra_Valley" style="background-color: black; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Yarra Valley">Yarra Valley</a><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">. Melbourne consists of</span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Government_Areas_of_Victoria#Municipalities_of_Greater_Melbourne" style="background-color: black; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Local Government Areas of Victoria">31 municipalities</a><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MelbLGAs_12-0" style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne#cite_note-MelbLGAs-12" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[12]</a></sup><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">It has a population of 4,529,500 as of 2015, and its inhabitants are called Melburnians.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne#cite_note-13" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[13]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MacqDict_14-0" style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne#cite_note-MacqDict-14" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[14]</a></sup></strong></span></strong><br />
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Founded by free settlers from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="British Empire">British</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_colony" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Crown colony">Crown colony</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Diemen%27s_Land" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Van Diemen's Land">Van Diemen's Land</a> on 30 August 1835, in what was then the colony of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-settlement8-9_15-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne#cite_note-settlement8-9-15" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[15]</a></sup> it was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-settlement8-9_15-1" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne#cite_note-settlement8-9-15" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[15]</a></sup> It was named "Melbourne" by the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governors_of_New_South_Wales" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Governors of New South Wales">Governor</a> of New South Wales, Sir <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Richard Bourke">Richard Bourke</a>, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-settlement8-9_15-2" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne#cite_note-settlement8-9-15" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[15]</a></sup> It was officially declared a city by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoria" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>, to whom Lord Melbourne was close, in 1847,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MilesLewis25_16-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne#cite_note-MilesLewis25-16" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[16]</a></sup> after which it became the capital of the newly founded colony of Victoria in 1851.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MilesLewis25_16-1" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne#cite_note-MilesLewis25-16" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[16]</a></sup> During the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_gold_rush" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Victorian gold rush">Victorian gold rush</a> of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the world's largest and wealthiest cities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RobertCervero320_17-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne#cite_note-RobertCervero320-17" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[17]</a></sup> After the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Federation of Australia">federation of Australia</a> in 1901, it served as the nation's interim <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_of_government" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Seat of government">seat of government</a> until 1927.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Constitution_18-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne#cite_note-Constitution-18" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[18]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Melbourne rates highly in education, entertainment, healthcare, research and development, tourism and sport,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-langmaid_19-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne#cite_note-langmaid-19" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[19]</a></sup> making it the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_Most_Livable_Cities" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="World's Most Livable Cities">world's most liveable city</a>—for the sixth year in a row in 2016, according to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne#cite_note-20" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[20]</a></sup> It is a leading <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_centre" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Financial centre">financial centre</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia-Pacific" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</a> region and ranks among the top 30 cities in the world in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Financial_Centres_Index" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Global Financial Centres Index">Global Financial Centres Index</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne#cite_note-21" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[21]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne#cite_note-22" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[22]</a></sup> Referred to as Australia's "cultural capital",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WestwoodAustralian_23-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne#cite_note-WestwoodAustralian-23" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[23]</a></sup> it is the birthplace of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidelberg_School" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Heidelberg School">Australian impressionism</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_rules_football" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_of_Australia" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Cinema of Australia">Australian film</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_Australia" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Television in Australia">television industries</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance_in_Australia" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Dance in Australia">Australian contemporary dance</a>. It is recognised as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Literature" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="City of Literature">City of Literature</a> and a major centre for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_art_in_Melbourne" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Street art in Melbourne">street art</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Melbourne" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Music of Melbourne">music</a> and theatre. It is home to many of Australia's largest and oldest cultural institutions such as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Melbourne Cricket Ground">Melbourne Cricket Ground</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Victoria" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="National Gallery of Victoria">National Gallery of Victoria</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Library_of_Victoria" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="State Library of Victoria">State Library of Victoria</a> and the UNESCO <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage</a>-listed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Exhibition_Building" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Royal Exhibition Building">Royal Exhibition Building</a>. It was the host city of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="1956 Summer Olympics">1956 Summer Olympics</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="2006 Commonwealth Games">2006 Commonwealth Games</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">The main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne_Airport" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Melbourne Airport">Melbourne Airport</a> (also called Tullamarine Airport), the second busiest in Australia. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Melbourne" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Port of Melbourne">Port of Melbourne</a> is Australia's busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne#cite_note-24" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[24]</a></sup> Melbourne has an extensive <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Melbourne" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Transport in Melbourne">transport network</a>. The main <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railways_in_Melbourne" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Railways in Melbourne">metropolitan train</a> terminus is <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flinders_Street_Station" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Flinders Street Station">Flinders Street Station</a>, and the main <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Victoria" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Rail transport in Victoria">regional train</a> and coach terminus is <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Cross_Station" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Southern Cross Station">Southern Cross Station</a>. Melbourne is also home to Australia's most extensive freeway network and has the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trams_in_Melbourne" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Trams in Melbourne">world's largest urban tram network</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DOT_tram_25-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne#cite_note-DOT_tram-25" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[25]</a></sup></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNwe63xhM7HqRsD8TZEIaPcXJT1DmA2_GHWwzU5QOHlm7Pk8UHN9csKu9bbEq7rMp9bWAdVQrmTHCctXwT9SCFYYU_bLchd9iwxSM2nRJUvn4H4MqUgEQ9HE0i4AhvIaBIzDZk1FWmLW1B/s1600/b02-vienna_2311068k.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: black; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNwe63xhM7HqRsD8TZEIaPcXJT1DmA2_GHWwzU5QOHlm7Pk8UHN9csKu9bbEq7rMp9bWAdVQrmTHCctXwT9SCFYYU_bLchd9iwxSM2nRJUvn4H4MqUgEQ9HE0i4AhvIaBIzDZk1FWmLW1B/s640/b02-vienna_2311068k.jpg" width="640" /></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #cccccc;"><b>2. </b></span></span><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14px;"><b><span style="background-color: black;">Vie</span><span style="background-color: black;">n</span><span style="background-color: black;">na, Austria </span></b></span><b style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: arial;">----------</b><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: "arial";"><b> </b></span><strong class="credit" style="display: inline !important; font-family: arial; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Picture: travelstock44 / Alamy</span></strong></span></div>
<span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: start;"><strong class="credit" style="display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Addition:<span style="color: #999999;"> <strong class="credit" style="display: inline !important; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">Vienna is</span></strong><strong class="credit" style="display: inline !important; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">the capital and largest city of</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Austria">Austria</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">and one of the nine</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Austria" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="States of Austria">states of Austria</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">. Vienna is Austria's</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primate_city" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Primate city">primary city</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">, with a population of about 1.8 million</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-statistik.at_1-1" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-statistik.at-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">(2.6 million within the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_area" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">,</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nahverkehrsoffensive1_4-1" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-nahverkehrsoffensive1-4" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[4]</a></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">nearly one-third of Austria's population), and its</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Austria" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Culture of Austria">cultural</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">,</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Austria" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Economy of Austria">economic</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">, and</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Austria" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Politics of Austria">political</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">centre. It is the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Largest_cities_of_the_European_Union_by_population_within_city_limits" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits">7th-largest city</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">by population within city limits in the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="European Union">European Union</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">. Until the beginning of the 20th century, it was the largest</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="German language">German-speaking</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">city in the world, and before the splitting of the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria-Hungary" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">in</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="World War I">World War I</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">, the city had 2 million inhabitants.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-10" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[10]</a></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">Today, it has the second largest number of German speakers after</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Berlin">Berlin</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-11" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[11]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Population11_12-0" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-Population11-12" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[12]</a></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">Vienna is host to many major</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_organization" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="International organization">international organisations</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">, including the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations">United Nations</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">and</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEC" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="OPEC">OPEC</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">. The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">,</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">, and</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Hungary">Hungary</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">. These regions work together in a European</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrope" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Centrope">Centrope</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">border region. Along with nearby</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratislava" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">In 2001, the city centre was designated a</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-13" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[13]</a></sup></strong></span></span></strong></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Apart from being regarded as the <i>City of Music</i><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-14" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[14]</a></sup> because of its musical legacy, Vienna is also said to be "The City of Dreams" because it was home to the world's first psycho-analyst – <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[15]</a></sup> The city's roots lie in early <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celts" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Celts">Celtic</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> settlements that transformed into a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Medieval">Medieval</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> city, and then the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is well known for having played an essential role as a leading European music centre, from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque castles and gardens, and the late-19th-century Ringstraße lined with grand buildings, monuments and parks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[16]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Vienna is known for its high quality of life. In a 2005 study of 127 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_city" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Global city">world cities</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a> ranked the city first (in a tie with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Vancouver">Vancouver, Canada</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="San Francisco">San Francisco, USA</a>) for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_most_liveable_cities" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="World's most liveable cities">world's most liveable cities</a>. Between 2011 and 2015, Vienna was ranked second, behind <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Melbourne">Melbourne, Australia</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-17" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[17]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-18" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[18]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-19" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[19]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-20" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[20]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[21]</a></sup> For eight consecutive years (2009–2016), the human-resource-consulting firm <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercer_(consulting_firm)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mercer (consulting firm)">Mercer</a> ranked Vienna first in its annual <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercer_Quality_of_Living_Survey" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mercer Quality of Living Survey">"Quality of Living" survey</a> of hundreds of cities around the world, a title the city still held in 2016.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-22" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[22]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-23" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[23]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[24]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-25" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[25]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-26" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[26]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-27" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[27]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-28" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[28]</a></sup> Monocle's 2015 "Quality of Life Survey" ranked Vienna second on a list of the top 25 cities in the world "to make a base within."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-29" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[29]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-30" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[30]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-31" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[31]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-32" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[32]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-33" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[33]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">UN-Habitat</a> has classified Vienna as being the most prosperous city in the world in 2012/2013.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-34" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[34]</a></sup> The city was ranked 1st globally for its culture of innovation in 2007 and 2008, and sixth globally (out of 256 cities) in the 2014 Innovation Cities Index, which analysed 162 indicators in covering three areas: culture, infrastructure, and markets.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-35" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[35]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-36" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[36]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-37" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[37]</a></sup> Vienna regularly hosts <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_planning" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Urban planning">urban planning</a> conferences and is often used as a case study by urban planners.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-38" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[38]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Between 2005 and 2010, Vienna was the world's number-one destination for international congresses and conventions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-39" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[39]</a></sup> It attracts over 3.7 million tourists a year</span></div>
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<span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: start;"><strong class="credit" style="display: block; font-family: arial; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-size: large;"><br /></span></strong><strong class="credit" style="display: block; font-family: arial; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-size: large;">3</span></strong></span><br />
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<span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDajGQzXuN3y1rbHizyoV8tAcbY10kbcVyGo_9fzbCfnsZ1zAvXDjyl-GYjy8I8IQLqN0qffh6M74WgAgESOSy2UFDFLYqsh8MPkM8hQcOPPayQA29cbneQjTK_J7maL5c6qR4lJhYr3eW/s1600/b03-vancouver_2311063k.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: black; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDajGQzXuN3y1rbHizyoV8tAcbY10kbcVyGo_9fzbCfnsZ1zAvXDjyl-GYjy8I8IQLqN0qffh6M74WgAgESOSy2UFDFLYqsh8MPkM8hQcOPPayQA29cbneQjTK_J7maL5c6qR4lJhYr3eW/s640/b03-vancouver_2311063k.jpg" width="640" /></a><span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">3. </b></span><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;"><b>Vancouver, Canada ---------- </b></span><strong class="credit" style="display: inline !important; font-family: arial; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;">Picture: Stefano Politi Markovina / Alamy</span></strong></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;"><span style="font-family: "arial"; text-align: center;"><b>Addition:</b> Vancouver </span>is a coastal seaport city in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Canada">Canada</a>. Located in in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Mainland" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Lower Mainland">Lower Mainland</a> region of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, it is the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_British_Columbia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="List of cities in British Columbia">most populous city</a> in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_province" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Canadian province">province</a>. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_2016_Census" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Canada 2016 Census">2016 census</a> recorded 631,486 people in the city, up from 603,502 in 2011. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Vancouver" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Greater Vancouver">Greater Vancouver</a> area (Metropolitan Vancouver) had 2,463,431 versus 2,313,328 in 2011, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada. Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada with over 5,400 people per square kilometre.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">In the 2011 census, Vancouver was one of the most <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Canada" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Ethnic groups in Canada">ethnically</a> and linguistically diverse cities in Canada; 52% of its residents have a first language other than English.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pop2006-Van_6-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-pop2006-Van-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CityFacts2004_7-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-CityFacts2004-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[7]</a></sup> Vancouver is classed as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_city" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Global city">Beta global city</a>. Vancouver was the most densely populated Canadian municipality in the 2011 census too, with over 250,000 residents, and the fourth most densely populated city in North America behind <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2011density-ranked_8-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-2011density-ranked-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_City" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">The original settlement, named <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastown" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Gastown">Gastown</a>, grew up on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearcutting" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Clearcutting">clear cuts</a> on the west edge of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastings_Mill" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Hastings Mill">Hastings Mill</a> logging <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawmill" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Sawmill">sawmill</a>'s property, where a makeshift tavern had been set up on a plank between two stumps and the proprietor, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gassy_Jack" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Gassy Jack">Gassy Jack</a>, persuaded the curious millworkers to build him a tavern, on 1 July 1867. From that first enterprise, other stores and some hotels quickly appeared along the waterfront to the west. Gastown became formally laid out as a registered <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townsite" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Townsite">townsite</a> dubbed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granville,_British_Columbia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Granville, British Columbia">Granville, B.I.</a> ("B.I" standing for "Burrard Inlet"). As part of the land and political deal whereby the area of the townsite was made the railhead of the CPR, it was renamed "Vancouver" and incorporated shortly thereafter as a city, in 1886. By 1887, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">transcontinental railway</a> was extended to the city to take advantage of its large natural seaport, which soon became a vital link in a trade route between the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Orient">Orient</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Canada" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Eastern Canada">Eastern Canada</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Morley_9-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-Morley-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[9]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-STEV_10-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-STEV-10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[10]</a></sup> As of 2014, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Metro_Vancouver" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Port Metro Vancouver">Port Metro Vancouver</a> is the third largest port by tonnage in the Americas (displacing New York), 27th in the world,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[11]</a></sup> the busiest and largest in Canada, and the most diversified port in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="North America">North America</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[12]</a></sup> While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, making <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Canada" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Tourism in Canada">tourism</a> its second-largest industry.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-13" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[13]</a></sup> Major film production studios in Vancouver and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnaby" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Burnaby">Burnaby</a> have turned <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Vancouver" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Greater Vancouver">Greater Vancouver</a> and nearby areas into one of the largest <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_photography" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Principal photography">film production</a> centres in North America,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-14" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[14]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[15]</a></sup> earning it the film industry nickname, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_North" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Hollywood North">Hollywood North</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[16]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-17" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[17]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-18" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[18]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Vancouver is consistently named as one of the top five worldwide cities for livability and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_life" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Quality of life">quality of life</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC_News_19-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-BBC_News-19" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[19]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TEL_20-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-TEL-20" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[20]</a></sup> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a> acknowledged it as the first city to rank among the top-ten of the world's most liveable cities<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[21]</a></sup> for five consecutive years.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-22" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[22]</a></sup> Vancouver has hosted many international conferences and events, including the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games">1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN_Habitat_I" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="UN Habitat I">UN Habitat I</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo_86" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Expo 86">Expo 86</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Police_and_Fire_Games" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="World Police and Fire Games">World Police and Fire Games</a> in 1989 and 2009; and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Winter Olympics</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Winter_Paralympics" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="2010 Winter Paralympics">Paralympics</a> which were held in Vancouver and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistler,_British_Columbia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Whistler, British Columbia">Whistler</a>, a resort community 125 km (78 mi) north of the city.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-V2010_23-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-V2010-23" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[23]</a></sup> In 2014, following thirty years in California, the annual <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TED_(conference)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="TED (conference)">TED</a> conference made Vancouver its indefinite home. Several matches of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="2015 FIFA Women's World Cup">2015 FIFA Women's World Cup</a> were played in Vancouver, including the final at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BC_Place" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="BC Place">BC Place</a> Stadium.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FIFA_24-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver#cite_note-FIFA-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[24]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><strong class="credit" style="display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: center;"></strong><strong class="credit" style="color: #999999; display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: black;"><br /></span></strong><strong class="credit" style="color: #999999; display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: black;"><br /></span></strong><strong class="credit" style="display: block; font-family: arial; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-size: large;">4</span></strong></span></span><br />
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<span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu5clv7fQiKLnOhpZW7_6X5PIGE6y72zawzW50lTEhya0ROHKKpSw7QP2gbw7AM4a6DfmgGGveb42ttOOeGEGzCOKd8Ux-gykUuylpuin4r1iXCLyie_cgLJHLx0-S0wr-l35lOsDL-RYJ/s1600/b04-toronto_2311087k.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: black; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu5clv7fQiKLnOhpZW7_6X5PIGE6y72zawzW50lTEhya0ROHKKpSw7QP2gbw7AM4a6DfmgGGveb42ttOOeGEGzCOKd8Ux-gykUuylpuin4r1iXCLyie_cgLJHLx0-S0wr-l35lOsDL-RYJ/s640/b04-toronto_2311087k.jpg" width="640" /></a><span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">4. </b></span><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: "arial";">Toronto, Canada </span></span></b><b style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: arial; font-size: small;">----------</b><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: "arial";"> </span><span class="credit" style="display: inline; font-family: "arial"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Picture: Torontonian / Alamy</span></span></span></b></span></span></div>
<span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><strong class="credit" style="display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Addition: <strong class="credit" style="display: inline !important; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><strong class="credit" style="display: inline !important; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><strong class="credit" style="display: inline !important; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Toronto </span></strong><strong class="credit" style="display: inline !important; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">is the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_100_largest_municipalities_in_Canada_by_population" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population">most populous city</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">in Canada and the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">provincial</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_city" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Capital city">capital</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">of</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Ontario">Ontario</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ts-20170208_12-0" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-ts-20170208-12" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[12]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-13" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[13]</a></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">With a population of 2,731,571,</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2016censusCSD_6-2" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-2016censusCSD-6" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ts-20170208_12-1" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-ts-20170208-12" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[12]</a></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Toronto is the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_North_American_cities_by_population" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="List of North American cities by population">fourth most populous</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">city in</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="North America">North America</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">after</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_City" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="New York City">New York City</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">, and</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">. Toronto is the centre of the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Toronto_Area" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Greater Toronto Area">Greater Toronto Area</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">(GTA), the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_census_metropolitan_areas_and_agglomerations_in_Canada" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada">most populous metropolitan area</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">in Canada,</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-14" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[14]</a></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">and anchors the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Horseshoe" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Golden Horseshoe">Golden Horseshoe</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">, a heavily</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_area" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Urban area">urbanised</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">region that is home to 8.7 million people,</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-15" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[15]</a></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">or around 26% of the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_of_Canada" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Population of Canada">population of Canada</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-16" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[16]</a></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">A</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_city" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Global city">global city</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">,</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-17" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[17]</a></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Toronto is an international centre of business, finance, arts, and culture,</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-18" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[18]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-19" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[19]</a></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">and widely recognised as one of the most</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiculturalism" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Multiculturalism">multicultural</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">and</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmopolitanism" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Cosmopolitanism">cosmopolitan</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">cities in the world.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Roth_20-0" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-Roth-20" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[20]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kopun_21-0" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-Kopun-21" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[21]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cosmopolitan_city_22-0" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-cosmopolitan_city-22" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[22]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-World_Cities_Culture_Report_2013_23-0" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-World_Cities_Culture_Report_2013-23" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[23]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Toronto_Police_World_Within_A_City_24-0" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-Toronto_Police_World_Within_A_City-24" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[24]</a></sup></strong></strong></strong></span></span></strong></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aboriginal_peoples_in_Canada" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Aboriginal peoples in Canada">Aboriginal peoples</a> have inhabited the area now known as Toronto for thousands of years. The city itself is situated on the southern terminus of an ancient <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_Carrying-Place_Trail" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Toronto Carrying-Place Trail">Aboriginal trail</a> leading north to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Simcoe" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Lake Simcoe">Lake Simcoe</a>, used by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyandot_people" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Wyandot people">Wyandot</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquois" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a>, and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississaugas" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mississaugas">Mississauga</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-25" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[25]</a></sup> Permanent European settlement began in the 1790s, after the broadly disputed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_Purchase" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Toronto Purchase">Toronto Purchase</a> of 1787, when the Mississaugas surrendered the area to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Crown" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="The Crown">British Crown</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-26" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[26]</a></sup> The British established the town of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York,_Upper_Canada" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="York, Upper Canada">York</a>, and later designated it as the capital of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Canada" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Upper Canada">Upper Canada</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-27" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[27]</a></sup> During the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, the town was the site of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_York" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Battle of York">Battle of York</a> and suffered heavy damage by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="United States Armed Forces">U.S. troops</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-28" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[28]</a></sup> York was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_of_Toronto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Name of Toronto">renamed</a> and incorporated as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Toronto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Old Toronto">city of Toronto</a> in 1834 and became the capital of the province of Ontario during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation</a> in 1867.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-29" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[29]</a></sup> The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_proper" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="City proper">city proper</a> has since expanded past its original borders through <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalgamation_of_Toronto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Amalgamation of Toronto">amalgamation</a> with <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipality_of_Metropolitan_Toronto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto">surrounding municipalities</a> at various times in its history to its current area of 630.2 km<sup style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1;">2</sup> (243.3 sq mi).</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Located in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Ontario" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Southern Ontario">Southern Ontario</a> on the northwestern shore of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Ontario" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Lake Ontario">Lake Ontario</a>, Toronto is situated on a broad sloping plateau intersected by an extensive network of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_ravine_system" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Toronto ravine system">rivers, deep ravines, and urban forest</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Geography_Toronto_Facts_30-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-Geography_Toronto_Facts-30" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[30]</a></sup> with 140 independently unique and clearly defined official <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_in_Toronto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="List of neighbourhoods in Toronto">neighbourhoods</a> making up the city.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-31" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[31]</a></sup> The <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicultural" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Multicultural">diverse</a> population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Canada" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Immigration to Canada">immigrants to Canada</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-toronto_diversity_32-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-toronto_diversity-32" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[32]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-diverse_city_33-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-diverse_city-33" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[33]</a></sup> with nearly 50% of residents belonging to a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_minority" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Visible minority">visible minority</a> population group,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-www12.statcan.gc.ca_34-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-www12.statcan.gc.ca-34" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[34]</a></sup> and over 200 distinct <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_origin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Ethnic origin">ethnic origins</a> represented among its inhabitants.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Diversity_Toronto_Facts_35-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-Diversity_Toronto_Facts-35" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[35]</a></sup> While the majority of Torontonians speak <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="English language">English</a> as their primary language, there are over 160 different languages spoken in the city.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2011_census:_Language_36-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-2011_census:_Language-36" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[36]</a></sup></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Toronto is a prominent centre for music,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Toronto_Music_37-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-Toronto_Music-37" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[37]</a></sup> theatre,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Toronto_Theatre_38-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-Toronto_Theatre-38" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[38]</a></sup> motion picture production,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Toronto_motion_picture_production_39-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-Toronto_motion_picture_production-39" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[39]</a></sup> and television production,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Toronto_television_production_40-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-Toronto_television_production-40" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[40]</a></sup> and is home to the headquarters of Canada's major national <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_network" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Broadcast network">broadcast networks</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_in_Toronto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Media in Toronto">media</a> outlets.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Toronto_Entertainment_and_Creative_Cluster_41-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-Toronto_Entertainment_and_Creative_Cluster-41" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[41]</a></sup> Its varied <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_in_Toronto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Culture in Toronto">cultural institutions</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Toronto_Culture_and_Creativity_42-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-Toronto_Culture_and_Creativity-42" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[42]</a></sup> which include numerous <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Toronto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="List of museums in Toronto">museums and galleries</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_events_in_Toronto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Annual events in Toronto">festivals and public events</a>, entertainment districts, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Toronto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Toronto">national historic sites</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_sports" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Toronto sports">sports activities</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-43" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[43]</a></sup> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attractions_in_Toronto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Attractions in Toronto">attract</a> over 25 million <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Toronto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Tourism in Toronto">tourists</a> each year.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-44" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[44]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-45" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[45]</a></sup> Toronto is well known for its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Toronto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="List of tallest buildings in Toronto">skyscrapers and high-rise buildings</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-46" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[46]</a></sup> in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CN_Tower" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="CN Tower">CN Tower</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-47" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-47" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[47]</a></sup> As Canada's commercial capital, the city is home to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_Stock_Exchange" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Toronto Stock Exchange">Toronto Stock Exchange</a>, the headquarters of Canada's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Five_(banks)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Big Five (banks)">five largest banks</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BigFiveBanks_48-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-BigFiveBanks-48" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[48]</a></sup> and the headquarters of many large Canadian and multinational corporations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TorontoCorporateHeadquarters_49-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-TorontoCorporateHeadquarters-49" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[49]</a></sup> Its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Toronto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Economy of Toronto">economy</a> is highly diversified with strengths in technology, design, financial services, life sciences, education, arts, fashion, business services, environmental innovation, food services, and tourism.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TorontoEconomy_50-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-TorontoEconomy-50" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[50]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-51" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-51" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[51]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-52" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto#cite_note-52" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[52]</a></sup></span></span></div>
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<span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"></span></span></div>
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<span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: black;"><br /></span></span><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: black;">5</b></span></span><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcY7tfeF1Dkn6g_KuerPnpdCmNNF0g445j_AyLnSZa2Ru48N7GWbYvhyAncm5EYBYkQLCiF_YCPhhJoLncsfXzcie9Gn-kVMo-iVP0MIwnmfI64tKZyUub79h6wRyFcaZMqznaQPdwQeaF/s1600/b05-calgary_2311080k.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: black; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcY7tfeF1Dkn6g_KuerPnpdCmNNF0g445j_AyLnSZa2Ru48N7GWbYvhyAncm5EYBYkQLCiF_YCPhhJoLncsfXzcie9Gn-kVMo-iVP0MIwnmfI64tKZyUub79h6wRyFcaZMqznaQPdwQeaF/s640/b05-calgary_2311080k.jpg" width="640" /></a><span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">5. </b></span><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="background-color: black;">C</span><span style="background-color: black;">algary, Canada </span></b></span><b style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: arial; font-size: small;">----------</b><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;"><b> </b></span><strong class="credit" style="display: inline !important; font-family: arial; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;">Picture: Design Pics Inc. / Alamy</span></strong></span></span></div>
<span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><strong class="credit" style="display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Addition: <span style="font-size: 14px; text-align: center;">Calgary</span><strong class="credit" style="display: inline !important; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span style="color: #999999;"> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">is a city in the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Canadian">Canadian</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">province</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">of</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Alberta">Alberta</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">. It is situated at the confluence of the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bow_River" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Bow River">Bow River</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">and the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbow_River" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Elbow River">Elbow River</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Prairies" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Canadian Prairies">prairie</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">, about 80 km (50 mi) east of the front ranges of the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Rockies" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Canadian Rockies">Canadian Rockies</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">. The city anchors the south end of what</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_Canada" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">defines as the "</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary%E2%80%93Edmonton_Corridor" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Calgary–Edmonton Corridor">Calgary–Edmonton Corridor</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">".</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary#cite_note-11" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[11]</a></sup></span></strong></span></span></strong></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">The city had a population of 1,239,220 in 2016, making it Alberta's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Alberta#List" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="List of cities in Alberta">largest city</a> and Canada's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_100_largest_municipalities_in_Canada_by_population" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population">third-largest</a> municipality.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2016censusABmunis_5-2" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary#cite_note-2016censusABmunis-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup> Also in 2016, Calgary had a metropolitan population of 1,392,609, making it the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_census_metropolitan_areas_and_agglomerations_in_Canada" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada">fourth-largest</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census_metropolitan_area" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Census metropolitan area">census metropolitan area</a> (CMA) in Canada.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2016censusCMA_7-2" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary#cite_note-2016censusCMA-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[7]</a></sup></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">The economy of Calgary includes activity in the energy, financial services, film and television, transportation and logistics, technology, manufacturing, aerospace, health and wellness, retail, and tourism sectors.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary#cite_note-12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[12]</a></sup> The Calgary CMA is home to the second-highest number of corporate head offices in Canada among the country's 800 largest corporations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CanadaWest_13-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary#cite_note-CanadaWest-13" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[13]</a></sup></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">In 1988, Calgary became the first Canadian city to host the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1988 Winter Olympics">Winter Olympic Games</a>.</span></span></div>
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<span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgElIvGG7hFjJisstU18mBvU6JrKjM5b5Hw8hkzwroO8RawwcaPxmhxgJ2ML2azHHWRoXQ2FIV7MK9nKe8lfFaaOvk0dsysRhxxBZuZG7-aexixEF6tfn1H_Yy8bR13ab0TwriVoTh0MmNx/s1600/b06-adelaide_2311089k.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: black; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgElIvGG7hFjJisstU18mBvU6JrKjM5b5Hw8hkzwroO8RawwcaPxmhxgJ2ML2azHHWRoXQ2FIV7MK9nKe8lfFaaOvk0dsysRhxxBZuZG7-aexixEF6tfn1H_Yy8bR13ab0TwriVoTh0MmNx/s640/b06-adelaide_2311089k.jpg" width="640" /></a><span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;"><b style="background-color: black;">6. </b></span><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="background-color: black;">Adelaide, Australi</span><span style="background-color: black;">a </span></b></span><b style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: arial; font-size: small;">----------</b><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;"><b> </b></span><strong class="credit" style="display: inline !important; font-family: arial; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;">Picture: Hemis / Alamy</span></strong></span></span></span></span></div>
<span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><strong class="credit" style="display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Addition: <span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Adelaide</span><strong class="credit" style="display: inline !important; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span style="color: #999999;"> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">is the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Australian_capital_cities" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="List of Australian capital cities">capital</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">city of the state of</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Australia" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="South Australia">South Australia</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">, and the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Australia_by_population" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="List of cities in Australia by population">fifth-most-populous city in Australia</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">. In June 2014, Adelaide had an estimated resident population of 1.31 million.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ABSGCCSA_1-1" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide#cite_note-ABSGCCSA-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">South Australia, with a total of 1.7 million inhabitants, has the most centralised population of any state in</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Australia">Australia</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">, with more than 75 percent of its people living in greater Adelaide, while the other population centres in the state are relatively small.</span></span></strong></span></span></strong></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">The demonym "Adelaidean" is used in reference to the city and its residents.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Salt_9-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide#cite_note-Salt-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[9]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Adelaidean_10-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide#cite_note-Adelaidean-10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[10]</a></sup> Adelaide is north of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleurieu_Peninsula" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Fleurieu Peninsula">Fleurieu Peninsula</a>, on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide_Plains" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Adelaide Plains">Adelaide Plains</a> between the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_St_Vincent" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Gulf St Vincent">Gulf St Vincent</a> and the low-lying <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Lofty_Ranges" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mount Lofty Ranges">Mount Lofty Ranges</a> which surround the city. Adelaide stretches 20 km (12 mi) from the coast to the foothills and 94 to 104 km (58 to 65 mi) from <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gawler" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Gawler">Gawler</a> at its northern extent to <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sellicks_Beach" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Sellicks Beach">Sellicks Beach</a> in the south.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Named in honour of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide_of_Saxe-Meiningen" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen">Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_consort" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Queen consort">queen consort</a> to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="William IV of the United Kingdom">King William IV</a>, the city was founded in 1836 as the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_town" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="New town">planned capital</a> for a freely settled British province in Australia. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Light" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="William Light">Colonel William Light</a>, one of Adelaide's founding fathers, designed the city and chose its location close to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Torrens" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="River Torrens">River Torrens</a>, in the area originally inhabited by the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaurna_people" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Kaurna people">Kaurna people</a>. Light's design set out Adelaide in a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_plan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Grid plan">grid layout</a>, interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares, and entirely surrounded by <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide_Parklands" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Adelaide Parklands">parklands</a>. Early Adelaide was shaped by prosperity and wealth—until the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_World_War" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, it was Australia's third-largest city and one of the few Australian cities to not have convict history.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide#cite_note-11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[11]</a></sup> It has been noted for early examples of religious freedom, a commitment to political <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressivism" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Progressivism">progressivism</a> and civil liberties.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide#cite_note-12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[12]</a></sup> It has been known as the "City of Churches" since the mid-19th century.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide#cite_note-13" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[13]</a></sup></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">As South Australia's seat of government and commercial centre, Adelaide is the site of many governmental and financial institutions. Most of these are concentrated in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide_city_centre" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Adelaide city centre">city centre</a> along the cultural boulevard of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Terrace,_Adelaide" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="North Terrace, Adelaide">North Terrace</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_William_Street,_Adelaide" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="King William Street, Adelaide">King William Street</a> and in various districts of the metropolitan area. Today, Adelaide is noted for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Adelaide" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Category:Festivals in Adelaide">its many festivals</a> and sporting events, its food and wine, its long beach fronts, and its large defence and manufacturing sectors. It ranks highly in terms of liveability, being listed in the Top 10 of <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist_Intelligence_Unit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="The Economist Intelligence Unit">The Economist Intelligence Unit</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left: 0.1em; white-space: nowrap;">'</span>s World's Most Liveable Cities index in 2010,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide#cite_note-14" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[14]</a></sup> 2011,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide#cite_note-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[15]</a></sup> 2012<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide#cite_note-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[16]</a></sup> and 2015.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide#cite_note-17" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[17]</a></sup> It was also ranked the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_liveable_city" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Most liveable city">most liveable city</a> in Australia by the Property Council of Australia in 2011,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide#cite_note-18" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[18]</a></sup> 2012<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide#cite_note-19" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[19]</a></sup> and 2013.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide#cite_note-20" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[20]</a></sup></span></span></div>
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<span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><strong class="credit" style="color: #999999; display: block; font-family: arial; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: black;"><br /></span></strong><strong class="credit" style="display: block; font-family: arial; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-size: large;">7</span></strong></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtcfXotUpswF4nFFLHBnetnqNtIebsSTc-j0AQtIOIZQKm4TTt3H7rcTgi8v7p5DVndiZu7i3gu9Ji7Svr-D8bKtOX7S03MNKRk2kOqV2Dpxd5VN6OLSS9Nn9Km5Q7ZGZG7_1R2pGwWdMa/s1600/b07-sydney_2311085k.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: black; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtcfXotUpswF4nFFLHBnetnqNtIebsSTc-j0AQtIOIZQKm4TTt3H7rcTgi8v7p5DVndiZu7i3gu9Ji7Svr-D8bKtOX7S03MNKRk2kOqV2Dpxd5VN6OLSS9Nn9Km5Q7ZGZG7_1R2pGwWdMa/s640/b07-sydney_2311085k.jpg" width="640" /></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;"><b>7. </b></span><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: "arial";"><b>Sydney, Australia </b></span></span><b style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: arial; font-size: small;">----------</b><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;"><b> </b></span><b style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Picture: Andreas Athitakis / Alamy</b></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;"><b>Addition: Sydney</b> is the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Australian_capital_cities" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="List of Australian capital cities">state capital</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Australia_by_population" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="List of cities in Australia by population">most populous city</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-The_most_populous_cities_in_Oceania_7-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-The_most_populous_cities_in_Oceania-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[7]</a></sup> Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Jackson" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Port Jackson">the world's largest natural harbour</a> and sprawls towards the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Mountains_(New_South_Wales)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Blue Mountains (New South Wales)">Blue Mountains</a> to the west.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup> Residents of Sydney are known as "Sydneysiders". Sydney is the second official seat and second official residence of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General of Australia</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister of Australia</a> and many federal ministries maintain substantial presences in Sydney.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">The Sydney area has been inhabited by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Indigenous Australians">indigenous Australians</a> for at least <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Upper Paleolithic">30,000</a> years.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Settlers.27_history_rewritten_9-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-Settlers.27_history_rewritten-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[9]</a></sup> The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Fleet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="First Fleet">first British settlers</a>, led by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_(Royal_Navy)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Captain (Royal Navy)">Captain</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Phillip" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Arthur Phillip">Arthur Phillip</a>, arrived in 1788 to found Sydney as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penal_colony" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Penal colony">penal colony</a>, the first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1788%E2%80%931850)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="History of Australia (1788–1850)">European settlement in Australia</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[10]</a></sup> Since <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penal_transportation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Penal transportation">convict transportation</a> ended in the mid-19th century, the city has transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre. As at June 2015, Sydney's estimated population was 4.92 million.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ABSMRSYD_11-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-ABSMRSYD-11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[11]</a></sup> In the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census_in_Australia#2011" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Census in Australia">2011 census</a>, 34 percent of the population reported having been born overseas,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ABSGCCSAXLS_3-1" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-ABSGCCSAXLS-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup> representing many different nationalities and making Sydney one of the most multicultural cities in the world. There are more than 250 different languages spoken in Sydney and about one-third of residents speak a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_Other_Than_English" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Languages Other Than English">language other than English</a> at home.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[12]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Population.2C_dwellings.2C_and_ethnicity_13-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-Population.2C_dwellings.2C_and_ethnicity-13" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[13]</a></sup></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Despite being one of the most <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_living" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Cost of living">expensive cities</a> in the world,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-14" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[14]</a></sup> the 2014 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercer_Quality_of_Living_Survey" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mercer Quality of Living Survey">Mercer Quality of Living Survey</a> ranks Sydney tenth in the world in terms of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_living" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Quality of living">quality of living</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mercer.com_15-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-mercer.com-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[15]</a></sup> making it one of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_most_livable_cities" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="World's most livable cities">most livable cities</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[16]</a></sup> It is classified as an Alpha+ <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_City" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="World City">World City</a> by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a>, indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-17" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[17]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-18" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[18]</a></sup> Ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-19" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[19]</a></sup> Sydney has an advanced <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_economy" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Market economy">market economy</a> with strengths in finance, manufacturing and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Sydney" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Tourism in Sydney">tourism</a>. It's gross regional product was $337 billion in 2013, the largest in Australia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Australian_cities_accounts_20-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-Australian_cities_accounts-20" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[20]</a></sup> There is a significant concentration of foreign banks and multinational corporations in Sydney and the city is promoted as Asia Pacific's leading financial hub.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Economic_powerhouse_21-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-Economic_powerhouse-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[21]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Economic_profile_22-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-Economic_profile-22" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[22]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Tough_week_for_a_Sydney_success_story_23-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-Tough_week_for_a_Sydney_success_story-23" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[23]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Another_shot_at_making_city_a_finance_hub_24-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-Another_shot_at_making_city_a_finance_hub-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[24]</a></sup></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">In addition to hosting events such as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="2000 Summer Olympics">2000 Summer Olympics</a>, Sydney is amongst the top fifteen most-visited cities in the world,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-25" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[25]</a></sup> with millions of tourists coming each year to see the city's landmarks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Our_global_city_26-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney#cite_note-Our_global_city-26" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[26]</a></sup> Its natural features include <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Jackson" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Port Jackson">Sydney Harbour</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_National_Park" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Royal National Park">Royal National Park</a>, and the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Sydney" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney">Royal Botanic Garden</a>. Man-made attractions such as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Sydney Opera House">Sydney Opera House</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Tower" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Sydney Tower">Sydney Tower</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Harbour_Bridge" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Sydney Harbour Bridge">Sydney Harbour Bridge</a> are also well known to international visitors.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: black;">8</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;"><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>8. Helsinki, Finland </b></span></span><b style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: arial; font-size: small;">----------</b><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;"><span style="background-color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b> </b></span></span><strong class="credit" style="display: inline !important; font-family: arial; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><strong class="credit" style="display: inline !important; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><strong class="credit" style="display: inline; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><strong class="credit" style="display: inline; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;">Picture: Tetra Images / Alamy</span></strong></strong></strong></strong></div>
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<span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><strong class="credit" style="display: block; font-family: arial; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><strong class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;"><strong class="credit" style="display: inline !important; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: center;"><strong class="credit" style="display: inline; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: left;">Addition:</strong><strong class="credit" style="display: inline; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: left;"> </strong></strong><b style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Helsinki</b><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> is the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_(political)" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Capital (political)">capital</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">and largest</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Finland" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Municipalities of Finland">city</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">of</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Finland">Finland</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">. It is in the region of</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uusimaa" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Uusimaa">Uusimaa</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">, in southern Finland, on the shore of the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">. Helsinki has a population of 629,512,</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-population_count_3-1" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki#cite_note-population_count-3" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">an urban population of 1,231,595,</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pxweb2.stat.fi_7-0" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki#cite_note-pxweb2.stat.fi-7" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[7]</a></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">and a</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Helsinki" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Greater Helsinki">metropolitan</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">population of over 1.4 million, making it the most populous municipality and</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_Finland_by_population" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="List of urban areas in Finland by population">urban area</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">in Finland. Helsinki is located some 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallinn" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Estonia">Estonia</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">, 400 km (250 mi) east of</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Sweden">Sweden</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">, and 388 km (241 mi) west of</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Russia">Russia</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">. Helsinki has</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Helsinki" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="History of Helsinki">close historical connections</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">with these three cities.</span></span></strong></strong></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">The Helsinki <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_area" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> includes the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_area" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Urban area">urban core</a> of Helsinki, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espoo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Espoo">Espoo</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vantaa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Vantaa">Vantaa</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauniainen" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Kauniainen">Kauniainen</a>, and surrounding <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Helsinki#Statistics" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Greater Helsinki">commuter towns</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki#cite_note-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup> It is the world's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_northernmost_items#Cities_and_settlements" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="List of northernmost items">northernmost metro area</a> of over one million people, and the city is the northernmost capital of an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Member state of the European Union">EU member state</a>. The <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_metropolitan_area" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Helsinki metropolitan area">Helsinki metropolitan area</a> is the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_countries" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a>, the City of Helsinki being the third largest after <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>. Helsinki is Finland's major political, educational, financial, cultural, and research centre as well as one of northern Europe's major cities. Approximately 75% of foreign companies operating in Finland have settled in the Helsinki region.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-regionbrief_9-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki#cite_note-regionbrief-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[9]</a></sup> The nearby municipality of Vantaa is the location of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Airport" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Helsinki Airport">Helsinki Airport</a>, with frequent service to various destinations in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Europe">Europe</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Asia">Asia</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">In 2009, Helsinki was chosen to be the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Design_Capital" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="World Design Capital">World Design Capital</a> for 2012<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Worlddesigncapital.com_10-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki#cite_note-Worlddesigncapital.com-10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[10]</a></sup> by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Council_of_Societies_of_Industrial_Design" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="International Council of Societies of Industrial Design">International Council of Societies of Industrial Design</a>, narrowly beating <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eindhoven" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Eindhoven">Eindhoven</a> for the title. The city was the venue for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="1952 Summer Olympics">1952 Summer Olympics</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2007" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2007">52nd Eurovision Song Contest 2007</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">In 2011, the <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocle_(media_company)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Monocle (media company)">Monocle</a></i> magazine ranked Helsinki the most liveable city in the world in its "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_most_liveable_cities#Monocle.27s_Quality_of_Life_Survey" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="World's most liveable cities">Liveable Cities Index 2011</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki#cite_note-11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[11]</a></sup> In the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a>'s August 2015 Liveability survey, assessing the best and worst cities to live in globally, Helsinki placed among the world's top ten cities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki#cite_note-12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[12]</a></sup></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-size: large;">9</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgW_lfb1-d9y3iA0KPtqSUkMBAq2aTZGo_0VFIgdGmekQJuNM1GOkuXQoyYsme0vojUppy3hP3gB83iosgqM3ZywvtAuXxupftfWRnAK0hEshl63tfR4lZC90Nzn6iUlB7oN1x8BpfUrRh/s1600/perth_2353704k.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: black; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgW_lfb1-d9y3iA0KPtqSUkMBAq2aTZGo_0VFIgdGmekQJuNM1GOkuXQoyYsme0vojUppy3hP3gB83iosgqM3ZywvtAuXxupftfWRnAK0hEshl63tfR4lZC90Nzn6iUlB7oN1x8BpfUrRh/s640/perth_2353704k.jpg" width="640" /></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">9. </span></b><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #cccccc;"><strong class="credit" style="display: inline; font-family: arial; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;">P</span><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;">erth, Australia </span></strong></span></span></span><b style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-family: arial; font-size: small;">----------</b><span style="background-color: black; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #cccccc;"><strong class="credit" style="display: inline; font-family: arial; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;"> </span></strong></span></span><strong class="credit" style="display: inline !important; font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Picture: traveling light / Alamy</span></strong></div>
<span class="credit" style="display: block; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><strong class="credit" style="display: block; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Addition:<span style="color: #999999;"> <b style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">Perth</b><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> is the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Australian_capital_cities" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="List of Australian capital cities">capital</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">and largest city of the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_states_and_territories" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Australian states and territories">Australian state</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">of</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australia" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">. It is the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Australia_by_population" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="List of cities in Australia by population">fourth-most populous city</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">in</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Australia">Australia</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">, with an estimated population of 2.04 million (as of 30 June 2015) living in</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Perth" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Greater Perth">Greater Perth</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ABSGCCSA_1-1" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth#cite_note-ABSGCCSA-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">Perth is part of the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_West_Land_Division" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="South West Land Division">South West Land Division</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">of Western Australia, with the majority of the metropolitan area of Perth located on the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan_Coastal_Plain" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Swan Coastal Plain">Swan Coastal Plain</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">, a narrow strip between the Indian Ocean and the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darling_Scarp" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Darling Scarp">Darling Scarp</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">, a low coastal escarpment. The first areas settled were on the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan_River_(Western_Australia)" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Swan River (Western Australia)">Swan River</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">, with the city's</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth_(suburb)" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Perth (suburb)">central business district</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">and port (</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fremantle" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Fremantle">Fremantle</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">) both located on its shores. The</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth_Metropolitan_Region" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Perth Metropolitan Region">Perth Metropolitan Region</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">includes 30</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Western_Australia" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Local government areas of Western Australia">local government areas</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">, which themselves consist of a large number of</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburbs_of_Perth" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Suburbs of Perth">suburbs</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">, extending from</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_Rocks,_Western_Australia" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Two Rocks, Western Australia">Two Rocks</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">in the north to</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockingham,_Western_Australia" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Rockingham, Western Australia">Rockingham</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">in the south, and east inland to</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lakes,_Western_Australia" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="The Lakes, Western Australia">The Lakes</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">.</span></span></span></strong></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Perth was founded by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stirling_(Royal_Navy_officer)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="James Stirling (Royal Navy officer)">Captain James Stirling</a> in 1829 as the administrative centre of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan_River_Colony" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Swan River Colony">Swan River Colony</a>. It gained city status (currently vested in the smaller <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Perth" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="City of Perth">City of Perth</a>) in 1856 and was promoted to the status of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Mayor" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Lord Mayor">Lord Mayoralty</a> in 1929.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth#cite_note-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup> The city is named after <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth,_Scotland" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Perth, Scotland">Perth, Scotland</a>, due to the influence of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Murray_(British_Army_officer)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="George Murray (British Army officer)">Sir George Murray</a>, Member of Parliament for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perthshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Perthshire (UK Parliament constituency)">Perthshire</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_War_and_the_Colonies" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Secretary of State for War and the Colonies">Secretary of State for War and the Colonies</a>. The city's population increased substantially as a result of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australian_gold_rushes" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Western Australian gold rushes">Western Australian gold rushes</a> in the late 19th century, largely as a result of emigration from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_states_of_Australia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Eastern states of Australia">eastern colonies</a> of Australia. During <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Australia's involvement in World War II</a>, Fremantle served as a base for submarines operating in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_War" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Pacific War">Pacific Theatre</a>, and a US Navy <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">Catalina flying boat</a> fleet was based at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matilda_Bay" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Matilda Bay">Matilda Bay</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth#cite_note-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[9]</a></sup> An influx of immigrants after the war, predominantly from Britain, Greece, Italy and Yugoslavia, led to rapid population growth. This was followed by a surge in economic activity flowing from several mining <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boom_and_bust" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Boom and bust">booms</a> in the late 20th and early 21st centuries that saw Perth become the regional headquarters for a number of large <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_in_Western_Australia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mining in Western Australia">mining operations</a> located around the state.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">As part of Perth's role as the capital of Western Australia, the state's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Western_Australia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Parliament of Western Australia">Parliament</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Western_Australia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Supreme Court of Western Australia">Supreme Court</a> are located within the city, as is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_House,_Perth" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Government House, Perth">Government House</a>, the residence of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Western_Australia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Governor of Western Australia">Governor of Western Australia</a>. Perth came seventh in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a>'s August 2016 list of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_most_liveable_cities" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="World's most liveable cities">world's most liveable cities</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth#cite_note-10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[10]</a></sup> and was classified by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a> in 2010 as a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_world_city" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Alpha world city">world city</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth#cite_note-11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[11]</a></sup></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-size: large;">10</span></b></div>
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<span class="credit" style="display: block; font-family: "arial"; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWytJESJB5XUetiVw3GSPaTfPARiXEH6gB7b7K3yHg3gUYE6Ox0tqA49z9xn2k1Qc6kL3j7JWl4nQCuOoGADSpa9mXhs6ZUjoTDn21VhYwA5EG-HRKrTq80TU4caFukD3xSqzFvsN8FCAM/s1600/b10-auckland_2311071k.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: black; color: #999999; font-size: 0.9em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWytJESJB5XUetiVw3GSPaTfPARiXEH6gB7b7K3yHg3gUYE6Ox0tqA49z9xn2k1Qc6kL3j7JWl4nQCuOoGADSpa9mXhs6ZUjoTDn21VhYwA5EG-HRKrTq80TU4caFukD3xSqzFvsN8FCAM/s640/b10-auckland_2311071k.jpg" width="640" /></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">10. </span><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Auckland, New Zealand </span></span><b style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-size: small;">----------</b><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-size: 14px;"> P</span><b style="font-size: 0.9em;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;">icture: image broker / Alamy</span></b></span></div>
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<span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; font-family: "arial"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><strong class="credit" style="display: block; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Addition: <b style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Auckland</b><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">is a city in the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Island" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="North Island">North Island</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">of</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">. It is the most populous</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_areas_of_New_Zealand" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Urban areas of New Zealand">urban area in the country</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">. Auckland has a population of 1,495,000, which constitutes 32 percent of New Zealand's population.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2-1" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland#cite_note-NZ_population_data-2" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">It is part of the wider</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland_Region" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Auckland Region">Auckland Region</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">—the area governed by the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland_Council" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Auckland Council">Auckland Council</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">—which also includes outlying rural areas and the islands of the</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauraki_Gulf" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Hauraki Gulf">Hauraki Gulf</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">, resulting in a total population of 1,614,300.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2-2" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland#cite_note-NZ_population_data-2" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">A diverse and</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicultural" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Multicultural">multicultural</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">city, Auckland is home to the largest</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesians" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Polynesians">Polynesian</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">population in the world.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AAAROUND_3-0" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland#cite_note-AAAROUND-3" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">The</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none;" title="Māori language">Māori language</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">name for Auckland is</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><i style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><b><span lang="mi" xml:lang="mi">Tāmaki</span></b></i><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">or</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><i style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><b><span lang="mi" xml:lang="mi">Tāmaki-makau-rau</span></b></i><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">, meaning "Tāmaki with a hundred lovers", in reference to the desirability of its fertile land at the hub of waterways in all directions.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland#cite_note-4" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">[4]</a></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">It has also been called</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><i style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><b>Ākarana</b></i><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">, the Māori enunciation of</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><i style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Auckland</i><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">.</span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">The Auckland urban area (as defined by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_New_Zealand" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Statistics New Zealand">Statistics New Zealand</a>) ranges to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waiwera" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Waiwera">Waiwera</a> in the north, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumeu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Kumeu">Kumeu</a> in the north-west, and Runciman in the south. It is not contiguous; the section from Waiwera to <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whangapar%C4%81oa_Peninsula" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Whangaparāoa Peninsula">Whangaparāoa Peninsula</a> is separate from its nearest neighbouring suburb of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Bay,_New_Zealand" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Long Bay, New Zealand">Long Bay</a>. Auckland lies between the Hauraki Gulf of the Pacific Ocean to the east, the low <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunua_Ranges" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Hunua Ranges">Hunua Ranges</a> to the south-east, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manukau_Harbour" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Manukau Harbour">Manukau Harbour</a> to the south-west, and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waitakere_Ranges" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Waitakere Ranges">Waitakere Ranges</a> and smaller ranges to the west and north-west. The surrounding hills are covered in rainforest and the landscape is dotted with dozens of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dormant_volcano" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Dormant volcano">dormant</a> volcanic cones. The central part of the urban area occupies a narrow <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Isthmus">isthmus</a> between the Manukau Harbour on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasman_Sea" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waitemata_Harbour" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Waitemata Harbour">Waitemata Harbour</a> on the Pacific Ocean. It is one of the few cities in the world to have harbours on two separate major bodies of water.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">The isthmus on which Auckland resides was first settled around 1350 and was valued for its rich and fertile land. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Māori people">Māori</a> population in the area is estimated to have peaked at 20,000 before the arrival of Europeans.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hochstetter1867_5-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland#cite_note-Hochstetter1867-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup> After a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Colony of New Zealand">British colony</a> was established in 1840, the new Governor of New Zealand, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hobson" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="William Hobson">William Hobson</a>, chose the area as his new capital. He named the area "Auckland" for <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Eden,_Earl_of_Auckland" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="George Eden, Earl of Auckland">George Eden, Earl of Auckland</a>, British <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a>. It was replaced as the capital in 1865, but immigration to the new city stayed strong and it has remained the country's most populous urban area. Today, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland_CBD" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Auckland CBD">Auckland's Central Business District</a> is the major <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_centre" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Financial centre">financial centre</a> of New Zealand.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: black; color: #cccccc;">Auckland is classified as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_city" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Global city">Beta World City</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland#cite_note-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup> because of its importance in finance, commerce, media, entertainment, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_arts" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="The arts">arts</a>, education and tourism. Auckland's landmarks such as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland_Art_Gallery_Toi_o_T%C4%81maki" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki">Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland_Harbour_Bridge" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Auckland Harbour Bridge">Harbour Bridge</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Tower_(Auckland)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Sky Tower (Auckland)">Sky Tower</a>, and many museums, parks, restaurants and theatres are significant tourist attractions. Auckland is frequently ranked among the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_most_liveable_cities" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="World's most liveable cities">world's most liveable cities</a>: the 2016 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercer_Quality_of_Living_Survey" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Mercer Quality of Living Survey">Mercer Quality of Living Survey</a> ranked Auckland 3rd place in the world on its list,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland#cite_note-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">[7]</a></sup> while the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a>'s</i> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Liveability_Ranking" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;" title="Global Liveability Ranking">Global Liveability Ranking</a> placed Auckland in 8th place.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;">[8]</sup></span></span></div>
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<span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; font-family: "arial"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><strong class="credit" style="display: block; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: black; color: magenta;"><br /></span></strong><strong class="credit" style="display: block; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: black; color: magenta;">The Telegraph</span></strong></span></span><strong class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial";"><span style="background-color: black; font-size: 14.4px;"><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 14.4px;">Source:</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14.4px;">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/property/pictures/9477990/The-worlds-10-bestcities-to-live-in.html?frame=2311071</span></span></span></strong><strong class="credit" style="display: block; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"><strong class="credit" style="display: inline !important; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 14.4px;"><strong class="credit" style="display: inline !important; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 18px 0px 0px;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial";"><span style="background-color: black; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: cyan;">Addion Source:</span> <span style="color: #f3f3f3;">Wikipedia</span></span></span></strong></span></span></strong></strong></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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The World's Top Best Cities To Live In

The World's Top Best Cities To Live In According to the Economist Intelligence Unit global “liveability” study, which looks at h...